Once cartographers had been working on the world map for many years, some astronomers and map makers began to long for maps of the outer realms.  Scientists such as Galileo, Tycho Brahe and Johannes Hevilius began to map beyond the boundaries of the known world, the known universe.  The telescope was invented in 1609, and with this invention detailed diagrams and maps of the moon and the stars opened up a view of the heavens, a road map to spaces never before seen by the human eye.

During this time, microscopes and magnifying glasses brought into view the tiny worlds that live withing ours.  Again, a world that was never before witnessed, a piece of the world globe, in the tiny worlds on the microscope slides.  Now what had begun to fascinate these scientists was the inner world, the core of the earth.  Tides, and earthquakes, mountains and volcanoes were evidence that something was indeed happening at the core, which led such scientists through deductive reasoning, men such as René Descartes, to reaching propositions about phenomena that is not seen by naked eye.  The imaginary places were now becoming very real indeed.

These phenomena were finding their way into the writings of the poets of the time, such as excerpts from Shakespeare’s “Midsummer Night’s Dream“. These astronomical and global happenings were finding their place as “good” and “evil”.  This brought into the minds of scientists and artists alike, a change in perspective, not only of the universe but of the human psyche as well.  The medical field had begun to seriously “map” the human physical body.  This was a time of discovery, of thinking people finally seeing the evidence of certain things that they knew all along, but had not yet seen the physical proof.  Maps, and the early creation of maps, led people not only to places they were longing to go, but to places within where they already were.